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Noise Risk Assessment for Deep-Sea Exploration

S.M. Jesus(1), A.M. Correia(2), R. Valente(2), L.O. Júnior(1), C. Oliveira-Rodrigues(2), N. Sillero(3), D. Sousa-Guedes(3) and H. Chognot(1)
(1) LARSys, Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
(2) CIIMAR/CIMAR LA, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research,
University of Porto, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
(3) Spatial Biology Lab (SBL), University of Porto, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal.

Ref.: accepted in "The Effects of Noise on Aquatic Life IV", Springer Nature, January 2026

Abstract:
The exploration of deep-sea resources has been on hold for decades. It is therefore of paramount importance to provide a framework and adequate tools for monitoring environmental impact. Among other disturbance parameters, stands noise produced by seabed exploration machinery and associated platforms. At medium and long range, the extent of noise impact depends on the intensity, frequency, and location of the noise sources, as well as sound pressure distribution in space and time. Ultimately, noise impact depends on the receptor species' acoustic sensitivity and their spatial distribution. This paper addresses this concern through a noise risk assessment study carried out at the Tropic Seamount that encompasses the estimation of the sound field distribution through a noise model calibrated with field data, and uses a Maxent model fed in with direct observations as well as environmental data over 5 years, for estimating habitat suitability distribution of noise-sensitive cetacean species. As expected, experimental data show a baseline mild risk centred on the seamount and decreasing to the borders of the target area. A proposal for the usage of risk assessment and acoustic threshold for real-time exploitation monitoring is made.